AN-D5

Which of the following statements are true regarding the muscles of the tongue?

(Multiple Correct Answers)

The palatoglossus is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
The genioglossus is responsible for protruding the tongue.
The styloglossus retracts and elevates the tongue.
All intrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).
Intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue.
The hyoglossus depresses the tongue.

Which of the following statements is true about the muscle marked in the image?

It is a suprahyoid muscle
It originates from scapula and inserts into hyoid
It is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve
It elevates the larynx during swallowing

The palatopharyngeus muscle is primarily involved in:

Tensing the soft palate
Depressing the uvula
Elevating the pharynx during swallowing
Protruding the tongue

Which of the following statements are true regarding the triangles of the neck?

(Multiple Correct Answers)

The submandibular triangle contains the submandibular gland, facial artery, and hypoglossal nerve
The posterior triangle is subdivided into the carotid and muscular triangles
The carotid triangle contains the common carotid artery bifurcation, vagus nerve, and external jugular vein
The submental triangle is bounded by the anterior belly of digastric and the hyoid bone
The spinal accessory nerve is located within the occipital triangle of the posterior triangle
The muscular triangle contains the thyroid gland and infrahyoid muscles
The superior belly of omohyoid divides the Occipital and Subclavian triangle

A 42-year-old male undergoes surgical removal of a tumor from the oropharynx. Post-operatively, he presents with difficulty initiating swallowing and inability to elevate the posterior part of the tongue. On examination, there is a loss of movement of the anterior tonsillar pillar during phonation.

Which nerve was most likely injured during the surgery?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
Vagus nerve (CN X)

Which of the following statements about the sternocleidomastoid muscle is true?

It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
It flexes the neck bilaterally and rotates the head unilaterally
It inserts into the manubrium of the sternum and clavicle
It divides the anterior triangle into muscular and carotid triangles

Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding the suprahyoid muscles?

(Multiple Correct Answers)

The mylohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
The posterior belly of digastric is innervated by the facial nerve
The geniohyoid receives motor innervation directly from the hypoglossal nerve
The suprahyoid muscles assist in depressing the hyoid bone and the mandible
The stylohyoid muscle splits to accommodate the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

Tensor veli palatini is unique among the soft palate muscles because:

It elevates the soft palate during swallowing
It is the only muscle of the soft palate innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
It is the only muscle of the soft palate innervated by the trigeminal nerve
It is responsible for closing the nasopharynx

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